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luhuayi 85562e1879 DWS UMN 831.100 version 
Reviewed-by: Pruthi, Vineet <vineet.pruthi@t-systems.com>
Co-authored-by: luhuayi <luhuayi@huawei.com>
Co-committed-by: luhuayi <luhuayi@huawei.com>
2024-11-13 08:55:54 +00:00

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<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193"></a>
<h1 class="topictitle1">Establishing Secure TCP/IP Connections in SSL Mode</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p116661558191715">GaussDB(DWS) supports the standard SSL. As a highly secure protocol, SSL authenticates bidirectional identification between the server and client using digital signatures and digital certificates to ensure secure data transmission. To support SSL connection, GaussDB(DWS) has obtained the formal certificates and keys for the server and client from the CA certification center. It is assumed that the key and certificate for the server are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b13878505110233">server.key</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b160995507410233">server.crt</strong> respectively; the key and certificate for the client are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b2681078710233">client.key</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b135554871410233">client.crt</strong> respectively, and the name of the CA root certificate is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b197372473710233">cacert.pem</strong>.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p106516310478"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__text1928713711287">The SSL connection mode is more secure. By default, the SSL feature in a cluster allows SSL and non-SSL connections from the client. For security purposes, you are advised to connect to the cluster via SSL from the client. </span>Ensure the certificate, private key, and root certificate of the GaussDB(DWS) server have been configured by default. To forcibly use an SSL connection, configure the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b646265616288">require_ssl</strong> parameter in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b1946211566285">Require SSL Connection</strong> area of the cluster's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b11462356112814">Security Settings</strong> page on the GaussDB(DWS) management console. Require SSL Connection on the Security Settings page of the cluster. For more information, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__section131774823014">Configuring SSL Connection</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__section1916311515557">Combinations of SSL Connection Parameters on the Client and Server</a>.</p>
<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p149157403555"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__text13426410558">The client or JDBC/ODBC driver needs to use SSL connection.</span> Configure related SSL connection parameters in the client or application code. The GaussDB(DWS) console provides the SSL certificate required by the client. The SSL certificate contains the default certificate, private key, root certificate, and private key password encryption file required by the client. Download the SSL certificate to the host where the client is installed, and specify the path of the certificate on the client. For more information, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s6d3b0bb119894929810147678d9c67a5">Configuring Digital Certificate Parameters Related to SSL Authentication on the gsql Client</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s3a228fb4ac9c48ec8bc34e812c8879e8">SSL Authentication Modes and Client Parameters</a>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__note17657174318915"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p126582043697">Using the default certificate may pose security risks. To improve system security, you are advised to periodically change the certificate to prevent password cracking. If you need to replace the certificate, contact the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__text2252043123912">database customer service</span>.</p>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__section131774823014"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__section131774823014"></a><a name="section131774823014"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring SSL Connection</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p4527548163318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b122111016314">Prerequisites</strong></p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul1224815042612"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1810111585262">Changes made to security configuration parameters require a cluster restart to take effect. Otherwise, the cluster will be temporarily unavailable.</li></ul>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul6289182417349"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li16289102443410">To modify the cluster's security configuration, ensure that the following conditions are met:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul1729072413419"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__l8ef1eb822c604b2ea2f964115be39fde">The cluster status is <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmvalue119618190010233"><b>Available</b></span> or <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmvalue137115836910233"><b>Unbalanced</b></span>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1229002463419">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b163105319610233">Task Information</strong> cannot be set to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmvalue183714538010233"><b>Creating snapshot</b></span>, <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmvalue200858926610233"><b>Scaling out</b></span>, <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmvalue85152698110233"><b>Configuring</b></span>, or <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmvalue181225397210233"><b>Restarting</b></span>.</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p43098210357"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b14654428163519">Procedure</strong></p>
<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ol5210990412816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1530416288104"><span>Log in to the GaussDB(DWS) console.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li5247206216936"><span>In the navigation pane on the left, choose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b3554164861118">Clusters</strong> &gt; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b4555204831112">Dedicated Clusters<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__text8294182115712"></span></strong>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li56042532161016"><span>In the cluster list, click the name of a cluster. On the page that is displayed, click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ufa023c1c93dc49e9aacc8696bea743b2"><b>Security Settings</b></span>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ac0d0b87f55034b0ba360a07b48ffcf55">By default, <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p0a207d2946b346ed84f5735b04f1023b"><b>Configuration Status</b></span> is <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p7ed7279f92d64cb6af627d806d546d5d"><b>Synchronized</b></span>, which indicates that the latest database result is displayed.</p>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li59328012161810"><span>In the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b213244168110233">SSL Connection</strong> area, enable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b100637101010233">Require SSL Connection</strong> (recommended).</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p17861112511383"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__image1686142515387" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001924729228.png"></span> indicates the function is enabled. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b986514495499">require_ssl</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b1286618493491">1</strong>, indicating that the server forcibly requires the SSL connection.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p60986178161812"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__image119112356918" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001924729224.png"></span> indicates the function is disabled (default value). The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b48129993810233">require_ssl</strong> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b166172778810233">0</strong>, indicating that the server does not require SSL connections. For details about how to configure the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b1510203823412">require_ssl</strong> parameter, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li107621516191913">require_ssl (Server)</a>.</p>
<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__note64139718145559"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul19613088145617"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li33828191145617">If the gsql client or ODBC driver provided by GaussDB(DWS) is used, GaussDB(DWS) supports the TLSv1.2 SSL protocol.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li3165030415129">If the JDBC driver provided by GaussDB(DWS) is used, GaussDB(DWS) supports SSL protocols, such as SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, and TLSv1.2. The SSL protocol used between the client and the database depends on the Java Development Kit (JDK) version used by the client. Generally, JDK supports multiple SSL protocols.</li></ul>
</div></div>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li35286469121055"><span>Click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__uicontrol8004311455"><b>Apply</b></span>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p1937164185618">The system automatically saves the SSL connection settings. On the <span class="wintitle" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__wintitle7493450105820"><b>Security Settings</b></span> page, <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmname1849319501589"><b>Configuration Status</b></span> is <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmvalue777916172599"><b>Applying</b></span>. After <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmname4136194813598"><b>Configuration Status</b></span> changes to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmvalue18145195565911"><b>Synchronized</b></span>, the settings have been saved and taken effect.</p>
</p></li></ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s6d3b0bb119894929810147678d9c67a5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s6d3b0bb119894929810147678d9c67a5"></a><a name="s6d3b0bb119894929810147678d9c67a5"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring Digital Certificate Parameters Related to SSL Authentication on the gsql Client</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a42f22a2e73da4523bde1d1f584d2804e">After a data warehouse cluster is deployed, the SSL authentication mode is enabled by default. The server certificate, private key, and root certificate have been configured by default. You need to configure the client parameters.</p>
<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ol14645856164213"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1091196184312"><span>Log in to the GaussDB(DWS) console. In the navigation pane, choose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b6581341173417">Client Connections</strong>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li13478842115911"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li13478842115911"></a><a name="li13478842115911"></a><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p6934104411591">In the <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmname143692651710233"><b>Driver</b></span> area, click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__uicontrol76385603010233"><b>download an SSL certificate</b></span>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1822323518318"><span>Use a file transfer tool (such as WinSCP) to upload the SSL certificate to the host where the client is installed.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p18511143903120">For example, save the downloaded certificate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b14681182864212">dws_ssl_cert.zip</strong> to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b116851928164212">/home/dbadmin/dws_ssl/</strong> directory.</p>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li15690655112116"><span>Use an SSH remote connection tool (such as PuTTY) to log in to the host where the gsql client is installed and run the following commands to go to the directory where the SSL certificate is stored and decompress the SSL certificate:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__screen6261755122518">cd /home/dbadmin/dws_ssl/
unzip dws_ssl_cert.zip</pre>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li888393554419"><span>Run the export command and configure digital certificate parameters related to SSL authentication on the host where the gsql client is installed.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p373815811264">There are two SSL authentication modes: bidirectional authentication and unidirectional authentication. The client environment variables to be configured vary according to the authentication mode. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s3a228fb4ac9c48ec8bc34e812c8879e8">SSL Authentication Modes and Client Parameters</a>.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p9912131414507">The following parameters must be configured for bidirectional authentication:</p>
<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__screen391341417503">export PGSSLCERT="<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i9912614145010">/home/dbadmin/dws_ssl/sslcert/client.crt</em>"
export PGSSLKEY="<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i19121914125016">/home/dbadmin/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i1629142061216">dws_ssl/sslcert/</em>client.key</em>"
export PGSSLMODE="<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i18912111435019">verify-ca</em>"
export PGSSLROOTCERT="<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i3912121415011">/home/dbadmin/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i79424230126">dws_ssl/sslcert/</em>cacert.pem</em>"</pre>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p139131714195011">The following parameters must be configured for unidirectional authentication:</p>
<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__screen1791371419500">export PGSSLMODE="verify-ca"
export PGSSLROOTCERT="<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i1091381414503">/home/dbadmin/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i116989681318">dws_ssl/sslcert/</em>cacert.pem</em>"</pre>
<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__note129136148502"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul16417193122516"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li19417631142514">You are advised to use bidirectional authentication for security purposes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li54171331132517">The environment variables configured for a client must contain the absolute file paths.</li></ul>
</div></div>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li8731103410475"><span>Change the client private key permissions.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p77343341471">The permissions on the client's root certificate, private key, certificate, and encrypted private key file must be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b127797592345">600</strong>. If the permissions do not meet the requirement, the client cannot connect to the cluster in SSL mode.</p>
<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__screen1773583414716">chmod 600 <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i207384345471">client.key</em>
chmod 600 <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i1074316343478">client.crt</em>
chmod 600 <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i1674773418479">client.key.cipher</em>
chmod 600 <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i1775013413475">client.key.rand</em>
chmod 600 <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__i1075433412474">cacert.pem</em></pre>
</p></li></ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s3a228fb4ac9c48ec8bc34e812c8879e8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s3a228fb4ac9c48ec8bc34e812c8879e8"></a><a name="s3a228fb4ac9c48ec8bc34e812c8879e8"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">SSL Authentication Modes and Client Parameters</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p1281133915919">There are two SSL authentication modes: bidirectional authentication and unidirectional authentication. Table <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__table267519441727">Table 1</a> shows the differences between these two modes. You are advised to use bidirectional authentication for security purposes.</p>
<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__table267519441727"></a><a name="table267519441727"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__table267519441727" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Authentication modes</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__row1569712441123"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.991199119911991%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p6706134413210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b187421811143819">Authentication Mode</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.24292429242924%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p187063441212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b84235270619454">Description</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.74187418741874%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p17149441227"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706155354">Environment Variables Configured on a Client</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.02400240024002%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p371410441425"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b84235270615542">Maintenance</strong></p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__row167211244327"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.991199119911991%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p20721184419215">Bidirectional authentication (recommended)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.24292429242924%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p1772914441226">The client verifies the server's certificate and the server verifies the client's certificate. The connection can be set up only after the verifications are successful.</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.74187418741874%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p872910441723">Set the following environment variables:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul2072910443216"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li27291844421">PGSSLCERT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li167361244529">PGSSLKEY</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li11736124411213">PGSSLROOTCERT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li27456444213">PGSSLMODE</li></ul>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.02400240024002%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p1575364414211">This authentication mode is applicable to scenarios that require high data security. When using this mode, you are advised to set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b163331714105315">PGSSLMODE</strong> client variable to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706161133">verify-ca</strong> for network data security purposes.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__row1475394418216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.991199119911991%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p67533441527">Unidirectional authentication</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.24292429242924%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p27601449217">The client verifies the server's certificate, whereas the server does not verify the client's certificate. The server loads the certificate information and sends it to the client. The client verifies the server's certificate according to the root certificate.</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.74187418741874%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p976014441621">Set the following environment variables:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul117605446218"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li97689441211">PGSSLROOTCERT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li117683441820">PGSSLMODE</li></ul>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.02400240024002%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p8776154411212">To prevent TCP-based security attacks, you are advised to use the SSL certificate authentication. In addition to configuring the client root certificate, you are advised to set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b874116425412">PGSSLMODE</strong> variable to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706161335">verify-ca</strong> on the client.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__af155533bdc9645349cc3900a02ab5a9a">Configure environment variables related to SSL authentication on the client. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__t8b0644779e4c40009b6fb1ad6a8ea986">Table 2</a>.</p>
<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__n6f689cfb4e6f4690803aed89b10c7a01"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__abaad7e11ef0c4e0b85aa0618539e2b1a">The path of environment variables is set to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__aa433ac4b29ab46dbad5d8d5f1427c375">/home/dbadmin</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b656752175719">/dws_ssl/</strong> as an example. Replace it with the actual path.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__t8b0644779e4c40009b6fb1ad6a8ea986"></a><a name="t8b0644779e4c40009b6fb1ad6a8ea986"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__t8b0644779e4c40009b6fb1ad6a8ea986" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Client parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r43822a39dba648828fe49912078f1cb2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.059999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ad17d7af1c3de4d729bf57312c91e6974"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b84235270614338">Environment Variable</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.5%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ac380e0ec1bd34540bfbfd4e6cb96972f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b958814275910">Description</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.44%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ac9474bec612d44f08a364a81701c28a1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b3308113317387">Value Description</strong></p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r972797e6e649495cac959b5ec60d1dca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.059999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ae1ed5b266db84f2d9556f32663a3be24">PGSSLCERT</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.5%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a01cc006c5316402e8f6a4a9296d2c8bf">Specifies the certificate files for a client, including the public key. Certificates prove the legal identity of the client and the public key is sent to the remote end for data encryption.</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.44%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.3 "><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a156de78bab614d698e120a40cc086b45">The absolute path of the files must be specified, for example:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s24de87000fcf43b0b5531d835b2dae56">export PGSSLCERT='<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a2d5b5f13eb5b43aeb17f6a00d3a858d2">/home/dbadmin/dws_ssl/sslcert/client.crt</em>'</pre>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__acdf675a9057d403c917bc1dcc49806c2">(No default value)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rc98ff95b80ef4f88bc66c12fe5410d32"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.059999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a51893fa2bd9b4568a84f40fb815973aa">PGSSLKEY</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.5%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a9de3b54755c444c1b6c0ae8431197b62">Specifies the client private key file used to decrypt the digital signatures and the data encrypted using the public key.</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.44%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.3 "><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a8da9a9daae1a4ece8be3ad6b44637ec5">The absolute path of the files must be specified, for example:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__sc413cfb21de442cd9a16f1129e591f3b">export PGSSLKEY='<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__aca6668f8e3bb4b87857021cded5fad09">/home/dbadmin/dws_ssl/sslcert/client.key</em>'</pre>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a39ee87ea493d4270b5f44b92d991148d">(No default value)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r85fe97858f3943ecae36f9597d96a226"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.059999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a28fb67e3d7874c55a98063af0ad3f8ef">PGSSLMODE</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.5%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__abee299539baa4dfcbbdced408c233f87">Specifies whether to negotiate with the server about SSL connection and specifies the priority of the SSL connection.</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.44%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a5d279ea1261e4998a2d42805bf535ad3">Values and meanings:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__u48e2dabb7bdc47eea753bf8035b63f2a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__lfb6ceaf39a16492387ecb32aa1bf302f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b84235270616196">disable</strong>: only tries to establish a non-SSL connection.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__l214ac3831bcf476f8228e4303583a5ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706161935">allow</strong>: tries to establish a non-SSL connection first, and then an SSL connection if the first attempt fails.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__l8f11f98581d848a8bec51851842f80bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706162016">prefer</strong>: tries to establish an SSL connection first, and then a non-SSL connection if the first attempt fails.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__l8b27ebed09934913b7d28b89ed9dbd21"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706162047">require</strong>: only tries to establish an SSL connection. If there is a CA file, perform the verification according to the scenario in which the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706162118">verify-ca</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__lc29ad9f05d504a389e33c08a00746416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706162135">verify-ca</strong>: tries to establish an SSL connection and check whether the server certificate is issued by a trusted CA.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__l9255c744f4934d57bdeb2218909c431a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b1855245103518">verify-full</strong>: GaussDB(DWS) does not support this mode.</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__aa440c62ceb0e49b396c7289c5149fd58">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b842352706162329">prefer</strong></p>
<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__note026143815011"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p10261838603">When an external client accesses a cluster, the error message "ssl SYSCALL error" is displayed on some nodes. In this case, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b627119810127">export PGSSLMODE="allow"</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b1927219810125">export PGSSLMODE="prefer"</strong>.</p>
</div></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r705a9febfc4e4eca8059bc5b91dc733f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.059999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a86405aec64294a4c8feaf5fa7155363d">PGSSLROOTCERT</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.5%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a6a09560a39d14ed8b4755dce027303d3">Specifies the root certificate file for issuing client certificates. The root certificate is used to verify the server certificate.</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.44%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.3 "><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a8bffd67e95b24511b2c9c6ba23949e26">The absolute path of the files must be specified, for example:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s52013b02b46c4f7dac1fcadc8e5caa0e">export PGSSLROOTCERT='<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a6a6171cbc744465188da02c71fa55f68">/home<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a2658be24cedf49d789f052315ae826e7">/dbadmin</em>/dws_ssl/sslcert/certca.pem</em>'</pre>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a19a2340265474308a47f45edbba76799">Default value: null</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r8204337653ba459d96d1ed621f76bf9a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.059999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a77efe9c8ef7c4214accae3549749a432">PGSSLCRL</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.5%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a502b2159a2984570942c2b09a82420a9">Specifies the certificate revocation list file, which is used to check whether a server certificate is in the list. If the certificate is in the list, it is invalid.</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.44%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.4.1.3 "><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a09da1ca77fee42e6b12a1fcb99a1bd79">The absolute path of the files must be specified, for example:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__s1f366c2716294b6aa3001bcefdf49a8c">export PGSSLCRL='<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__af59ff6d8b5df42e19f48cd38e33e6d8f">/home/dbadmin/dws_ssl/sslcert/sslcrl-file.crl</em>'</pre>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a2d42b29a92c1423b8d72964822e22bbd">Default value: null</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__section1916311515557"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__section1916311515557"></a><a name="section1916311515557"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Combinations of SSL Connection Parameters on the Client and Server</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p1526194203210">Whether the client uses the SSL encryption connection mode and whether to verify the server certificate depend on client parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b1225917817357">sslmode</strong> and server (cluster) parameters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b42596833515">ssl</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b162591387352">require_ssl</strong>. The parameters are as follows:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul177312166196"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1773191610194"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b1564611409266">ssl (Server)</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p164179316236">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b90283204310233">ssl</strong> parameter indicates whether to enable the SSL function. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b74045453310233">on</strong> indicates that the function is enabled, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b92372860910233">off</strong> indicates that the function is disabled. <ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul529216022315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li129250122317">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b24891712145018">on</strong> for clusters whose version is 1.3.1 or later, and you cannot set this parameter on the GaussDB(DWS) console.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li142923016233">For clusters whose version is earlier than 1.3.1, the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b66239994110233">on</strong>. You can set this parameter in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b28739138356">SSL Connection</strong> area on the cluster's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b12873513123514">Security Settings</strong> page of the GaussDB(DWS) console.</li></ul>
</div>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li107621516191913"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li107621516191913"></a><a name="li107621516191913"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b04271344162610">require_ssl (Server)</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p1560405532519">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b61237290810233">require_ssl</strong> parameter specifies whether the server forcibly requires SSL connection. This parameter is valid only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b86510803310233">ssl</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b137041725910233">on</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b170066131310233">on</strong> indicates that the server forcibly requires SSL connection. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b85868511810233">off</strong> indicates that the server does not require SSL connection.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul20651135316259"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li46512533255">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b2298134419508">off</strong> for clusters whose version is 1.3.1 or later. You can set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b107802161351">require_ssl</strong> parameter in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b678118168358">Require SSL Connection</strong> area of the cluster's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b1378151643510">Security Settings</strong> page on the GaussDB(DWS) console.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1365115313257">For clusters whose version is earlier than 1.3.1, the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b18763171923511">off</strong>, and you cannot set this parameter on the GaussDB(DWS) console.</li></ul>
</div>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1074719161195"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b188024932613">sslmode (Client)</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__p16746241355">You can set this parameter in the SQL client tool.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ul145580017351"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li55586010358">In the gsql command line client, this parameter is the <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmname11558160183514"><b>PGSSLMODE</b></span> parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__li1555814016356">On the Data Studio client, this parameter is the <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__parmname165589014353"><b>SSL Mode</b></span> parameter.</li></ul>
</div>
</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a181be4053b3847ccb4ccd1aebec3aae4">The combinations of client parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b141397144410233">sslmode</strong> and server parameters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b43310576510233">ssl</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b185042484710233">require_ssl</strong> are as follows.</p>
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__table15451139114317" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>Combinations of SSL connection parameters on the client and server</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r355add9c9a7f41bda915ac600dac576c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.66%" id="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a7b70a0fb1cf54e2b9f5a848f2f620524"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b200910706210233">ssl (Server)</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" id="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__af54a777133684c8d88584ba3c148d570"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b210768416310233">sslmode (Client)</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.119999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a4f4b48b5c8c94c01ba3cebcd3f604899"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b212881641010233">require_ssl (Server)</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.37%" id="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a8b5c97f6e3eb452c938c6a2cff74c38f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__b107781531810233">Result</strong></p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r62ddf2bbc75b4079b1a2ec62f0692d6b"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="10" valign="top" width="10.66%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a3e78fc2918b34a6f8a717dde92f3fc2a">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a33fee70f27ae4b91a31daa855b8ed9a0">disable</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a8e8d0be8175d47918d0829af2781e983">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.37%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__adabec5d250d2412bb0eeca24199da945">The server requires SSL, but the client disables SSL for the connection. As a result, the connection cannot be set up.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rd1415aba4c6141cc8d4a9d9ee74dc80d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a25f23ee3007f4fcc9044b75afd7c9954">disable</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a665fb82ed5de4de09ea9be0553daedab">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a86de0a2f9a5049c083cfd07ec10153a1">The connection is not encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r9eb0e52c41d74b10b9c2c0b486f513dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a7131377f60394c7a9e3b19c6171dd019">allow</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__af9962f4ead2a4f158e2028064e8fa4ef">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ab8d0f618c92a4140a9c1d9eae41b8ae9">The connection is encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r647075f1e10c4c198317ecd0b83aca5c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__aa0eee6d2caa049709669990d5430ebb7">allow</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ad4739683696e4954afad8c5bcc52901c">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ab4c8bb6ca01a4bd5bbae27bc36e0788d">The connection is not encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r19c24691a02e4d328d0bd356da8767d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__aa9cb9ff881e9432683e93016dd10b6da">prefer</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a480653a387d44a67a72fc6ccfa586eee">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a4bda372df21844e5b891ae07b3acefe6">The connection is encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__racc4977e5ce341e79fb08358ab9b8c2d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a4891f1b8e4c744c3b1c2358f1b6b70a1">prefer</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a9422603a15e14af08884d086d5fb18b5">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a128e4e83906246a08e3ca36a1c737b49">The connection is encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r15f4c4a8ebb14afbafa099d85ef39298"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a9a9746a997944cee8349e6751c5e7099">require</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a51a659efccb84491b56a756c7213fc33">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ad1da2821861d4f74807b2a231d74f776">The connection is encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__re3cb0b7aa7d147e8b9cddc4f8772e588"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a3ee91e2d35d447abaaa654fdfb2c1cda">require</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a2417da5d11b34e6eb22c5e23abd964a8">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__af733535d0a3547708898d100034ead60">The connection is encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r6ad7de0dd0c14d2a9da79957f8e88a0c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a7248e51cabc84b38927a8523b6f21137">verify-ca</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ad1897b8a87a94fd69a4f1140c5898813">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a74366920fd6447d49377258bf6b1b264">The connection is encrypted and the server certificate is verified.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rc33abe03abec4a2a8f57d3d3a64d7be3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a80805b432a4f4eea8cc86766f78b2d15">verify-ca</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a483b735d07a04335a08e3cab6f92a97a">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a264a3332f3944e9a9f2b34db9b345b21">The connection is encrypted and the server certificate is verified.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rf72d3e2843934cd9b8dd59548cd3be1c"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="10" valign="top" width="10.66%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a217430f24485439393825ecceec13e0c">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a07fb6a03fd5a4007bd85a6328c4a9c6b">disable</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a6034b6a1a82a4d9e8e789e5d34d2d8b2">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.37%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a9e933492038b455a9d32758cb7933c32">The connection is not encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__re61e3ac813784038a929a41f4575f52f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a889b21370a404bd4858140173ed02376">disable</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a6b83c26f620f403b8c575243b1f75513">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a078607c627c640079c7072c634fc362d">The connection is not encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r954d308f6bd043beb3ea0ef02ce60721"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a1c8ac46fc0c24cf68ce77d2a7f60c7e1">allow</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__abe34e8f39ad24a4ea9a2649d00bb8ec9">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__afa8a5bb9f3114e43bcb5fa9b0e68faad">The connection is not encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rad2d9b9a419042599a3742e0f4c64b9f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__aa1db3dde5ffe46f29bf2ac88e0af8528">allow</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a18671a2e86c24c9093ecc0f070d5cec7">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a23067107fce2405899e18da68f250634">The connection is not encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rbe2f3d97ccda4da7a94bd8aaea8c7c36"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a9f5bd8414de046b9b2ee868314e3bd58">prefer</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a44de2784e3c94135a54e65e76e0c54cc">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a54497bbf08d647738ef678f5616489a5">The connection is not encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rb3edfcc877a940968323e421099419d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ab3790c4c627447d5badb67c8688913dc">prefer</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__af831647acfb845f6a9e4cd4aa95c295b">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a5f855c85aade49e8a36bf05255ed55f6">The connection is not encrypted.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r2632f81144f9406a87a2cc6c89011d82"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__ac35bbd9317c9416ab238cc122ce97d47">require</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a6e6e3cfa03d64e4abf4fc3995ae646f3">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__adfac91a6ac2246b0bb27b06c636dc232">The client requires SSL, but SSL is disabled on the server. Therefore, the connection cannot be set up.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__r1e457ea33fec4cac9e77887ffdf27622"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a29780e72f6c34caf8d1e89edd7a3dd19">require</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a7a2cd8bc207c4849964f69d1c05d898b">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a1053e4dc3c5c4c5885d7c49c82a21623">The client requires SSL, but SSL is disabled on the server. Therefore, the connection cannot be set up.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rf8ca62c481a3440d96e3be781d3c3da8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a29a9174257c84b0e97d85d9bc7467bac">verify-ca</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__aaea7b0943815449085e4317001a96c5b">on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a6fe94346112f44d99e3509134ee3bc6d">The client requires SSL, but SSL is disabled on the server. Therefore, the connection cannot be set up.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__rb81f0e36ee9b4433a08a6df14f302ff9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a04d6064a2900404dbefd08bc70081503">verify-ca</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__aa46206d00ff042dcb6e3054447adaa5c">off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001952008193__a3974806634b94ce49ae43e69f48fa246">The client requires SSL, but SSL is disabled on the server. Therefore, the connection cannot be set up.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="familylinks">
<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_01_0093.html">Using the gsql CLI Client to Connect to a Cluster</a></div>
</div>
</div>
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