doc-exports/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0156.html

<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528"></a>

<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE DATABASE</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__s8b5d7d4b041249afa3998141f0058ffe"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__ac5ea2e0e455d4e88a66ff0b5a61f2116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b59931274123844">CREATE DATABASE</strong> creates a database. By default, the new database will be created by cloning the standard system database template1. A different template can be specified using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b84235270619229">TEMPLATE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__i84235269719233">template name</em>.</p>
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<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__s8a1465a47ed4485586158997351b71d1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__u1db3d9a6947144f0be195f40360c7922"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__l8412334f96ba4e528f520e36de3c5925">A user that has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__en-us_topic_0058966245_b30118438123844">CREATEDB</strong> permission or a sysadmin can create a database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__ld8496fa94c9f47928d43f0a1bc98a70e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b23674432123844">CREATE DATABASE</strong> cannot be executed inside a transaction block.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__la120efcaa27840f0977468f98e98093d">Errors along the line of "could not initialize database directory" are most likely related to insufficient permissions on the data directory, a full disk, or other file system problems.</li></ul>
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<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__s6603173eb3fb4aaab4d1357ea45e3758"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__s67b092e5200f4a1d8c3de8cb82203448"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
<span class="normal">2</span>
<span class="normal">3</span>
<span class="normal">4</span>
<span class="normal">5</span>
<span class="normal">6</span>
<span class="normal">7</span>
<span class="normal">8</span>
<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LC_COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lc_collate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LC_CTYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lc_ctype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBCOMPATIBILITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compatibility_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w">               </span>
<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connlimit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span>
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<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__se2bebd9bdecd40ff9edb8b4443b6cbcd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__ufda5d116a0ba4b6ead45989f3c677a15"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__l7ddb1a8eb68a46fbaecd4b7b7de7f339"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a01f6d7c62061475c8f4977f023cf061c">database_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a8e38a11ab4a840dba624b06d2ed957e1">Indicates the database name.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a7948b71a71ac461a9566950a61626541">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__lf3de83b22eef42c6b5200da194fdabbd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a4e0dd148e2d5474da8b3e26ed37a6990">OWNER [ = ] user_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a371d7f72d46646e3be30afaad2b38774">Indicates the owner of the new database. By default, the owner of the database is the current user.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a27446d4f510c4dcd9667bcbc429c33e6">Value range: an existing user name</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__ld333b720b14943b5b7f79c367909e416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a2f9b03ff3a724be6b395bcc6cca2c8ec">TEMPLATE [ = ] template</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__aa3f2108ddd9f4bdd8744f567c8b456be">Indicates the template name, that is, the name of the template to be used to create the database. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__text1565131046">GaussDB(DWS)</span> creates a database by coping a database template. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__text1448263122">GaussDB(DWS)</span> has two default template databases <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b226913511497">template0</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b192692051204913">template1</strong> and a default user database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b473891018611"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1573801019611"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__text1462184614508">gaussdb</span></strong>.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a0d58027ee3404870bec5e287da76ec63">Value range: An existing database name. If this it is not specified, the system copies <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b92818312364">template1</strong> by default. Its value cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b186251318258"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b76255188516"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__text7802215185213">gaussdb</span></strong>.</p>
<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__note410410403411"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__p1610424020411">Currently, database templates cannot contain sequences. If a database template contains sequences, database creation using this template will fail.</p>
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</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__lfbdaac401da248638584142b88a945db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a38eebe8e0c5e49e78ac3bfbf1677ffab">ENCODING [ = ] encoding</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__p1973735317411">Specifies the encoding format used by the new database. The value can be a string (for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1359844683416">SQL_ASCII</strong>) or an integer.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a01b633a7852d421787e2dd35f2db1f45">By default, the encoding format of the template database is used. The encoding formats of the template databases <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b193415155369">template0</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b2936315113616">template1</strong> vary based on OS environments by default. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b58415174322">template1</strong> database does not allow encoding customization. To specify encoding for a database when creating it, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1717912473313">template0</strong>. To specify encoding, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b63781859103311">template</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b41372313342">template0</strong>.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__p1825155513555">Common values: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1596525018346">GBK</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b19965145013418">UTF8</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1596675063412">Latin1</strong></p>
<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__n268e1fb7ccb24010910372255c2d3570"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__ul923515163018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__li481611414140">To view the character encoding of the current database, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b149360518454">show server_encoding;</strong> command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__li040163219183">To make your database compatible with most characters, you are advised to use the UTF8 encoding when creating a database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__li023555163013">The character set encoding of the new database must be compatible with the local settings (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b175355545433440">LC_COLLATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b129077042833440">LC_CTYPE</strong>).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__li238045483019">When the specified character encoding set is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b147675714033440">GBK</strong>, some uncommon Chinese characters cannot be directly used as object names. This is because when the encoding range of the second byte of GBK is between 0x40 and 0x7E, the byte encoding overlaps with the ASCII character @A-Z[\]^_`a-z{|}. @[\]^_?{|} is an operator in the database. If it is directly used as an object name, a syntax error will be reported. For example, the GBK hexadecimal code is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b10180192518516">0x8240</strong>, and the second byte is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b3180132511515">0x40</strong>, which is the same as the ASCII character @. Therefore, the character cannot be used as an object name. If you really want to use it, you can avoid this problem by adding double quotation marks when creating and accessing objects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__li1840995711115">In the current version, the GBK character set supports the character <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b101081240178">€</strong>, which is represented as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b17327352612">0x80</strong> in hexadecimal code. You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b349611511774">€</strong> character in the GBK library, and the GBK character set of GaussDB(DWS) is compatible with the CP936 character set. Note that the GBK character set is approximately equal to the CP936 character set, but the GBK character set does not contain the definition of the character <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b147451993910">€</strong>.</li></ul>
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</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__l07731df031ad483d86edcef4984a061f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a94d1d86f1f7b4632872d68f2785619ab">LC_COLLATE [ = ] lc_collate</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a9e610f70c803427dbb1695a69b0f3706">Specifies the collation order to use in the new database. For example, this parameter can be set using lc_collate = 'zh_CN.gbk'.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a27e0e20f8f86443ab05185188791d7d3">The use of this parameter affects the sort order applied to strings, for example, in queries with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b38913812161028">ORDER BY</strong>, as well as the order used in indexes on text columns. The default is to use the collation order of the template database. To specify a character set when creating a database, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1460163813812">template0</strong> to create the database. To specify encoding, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1145405920712">template</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b20454135916717">template0</strong>.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a7a2339e8b01b47b1bd9c1daa3e1554f4">Value range: A valid order type.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__le1d4594b2efa4980828e4f2296845ec3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a0cb916a54ebf4f5aaa0f643408b2bb58">LC_CTYPE [ = ] lc_ctype</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a1de372877ec940f8a3e67c409ff92b8c">Specifies the character classification to use in the new database. For example, this parameter can be set using lc_ctype = 'zh_CN.gbk'. The use of this parameter affects the categorization of characters, for example, lower, upper and digit. The default is to use the character classification of the template database. To specify a character category when creating a database, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b173683271584">template0</strong> to create the database. To specify encoding, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b3257751581">template</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b925712517811">template0</strong>.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a8bbec0f1b7b34be593ca4cb0959ca1aa">Value range: A valid character type.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__l092e90f619dd4e8faf0a4e9bc5e092aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a7d2d42cb17ca4ce188789f26f33eda82">DBCOMPATIBILITY [ = ] compatibilty_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__aca15b85b74c9456cb98e9c4527330bc0">Specifies the compatible database type.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__p477951525310">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1264811610131">ORA</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1765471601310">TD</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1965531621318">MySQL</strong>, representing the Oracle-, Teradata-, and MySQL-compatible modes, respectively. If this parameter is not specified, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b155691115111613">ORA</strong> is used.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__lc6686042c9d740ffad0f7c1a68b14b80"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__af63c6150e82c481eb37a0be564315aa0">CONNECTION LIMIT [ = ] connlimit</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a0ace25b183e04960bf798238436a47cd">Indicates the maximum number of concurrent connections that can be made to the new database.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a67e82edd812b4594890dfbfc7532d04f">Value range: An integer greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b84235270617959">-1</strong>. The default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b84235270617104">-1</strong> means no limit.</p>
<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__note1582171075313"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__ul1489217133115"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__li28961783116">This limit does not apply to sysadmin.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__li198931715317">To ensure the proper running of a cluster, the minimum value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b194276434515">CONNECTION LIMIT</strong> is the number of CNs in the cluster, because when a cluster runs ANALYZE on a CN, other CNs will connect with the running CN for metadata synchronization. For example, if there are three CNs in the cluster, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b191421757105112">CONNECTION LIMIT</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b414613576515">3</strong> or a greater value.</li></ul>
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<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a0de69aaa0afa463ea62a0d7e82fc6a2f">The following are limitations on character encoding:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__ud76fe94265b54f78948e0530abb90e61"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__l76461f35a8214f7987b77decb1fe8b89">If the locale is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b61901215124158">C</strong> (or equivalently <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b20240028124158">POSIX</strong>), then all encoding modes are allowed, but for other locale settings only the encoding consistent with that of the locale will work properly.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__l59f6361150054af78d48309fb1548c7c">The encoding and locale settings must match those of the template database, except when template0 is used as template. This is because other databases might contain data that does not match the specified encoding, or might contain indexes whose sort ordering is affected by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b28829584124158">LC_COLLATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b58139664124158">LC_CTYPE</strong>. Copying such data would result in a database that is corrupt according to the new settings. template0, however, is known to not contain any data or indexes that would be affected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__li1964817111318">Supported encoding depends on the environment. If the message "invalid locale name" is displayed, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b1915322774813">locale -a</strong> command to check the encoding set supported by the environment.</li></ul>
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<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__s425e16f7ac5442139e441c609b5951c5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__p37465019162">Create database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b135669640933440">music</strong> using GBK (the local encoding type is also GBK).</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__screen108661611151616"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GBK'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">template0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__p6459525121612">Create database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b178934045433440">music2</strong> and specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b17436960333440">jim</strong> as its owner.</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__screen1193616171717"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__p195631534111610">Create database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b204874172733440">music3</strong> using template <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b43216668933440">template0</strong> and specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__b123138455133440">jim</strong> as its owner.</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__screen1557561419179"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">template0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__p1827123441616">Create a database compatible with Oracle.</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__screen14597523151717"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ora_compatible_db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBCOMPATIBILITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ORA'</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__sd50a305bc671424a9eb68c41a8f96c00"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188110528__a6ea96ff8f8e14079b66a7bd899f62c62"><a href="dws_06_0120.html">ALTER DATABASE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0189.html">DROP DATABASE</a></p>
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<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
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