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doc-exports/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0245.html
Lu, Huayi e6fa411af0 DWS DEV 830.201 version 
Reviewed-by: Pruthi, Vineet <vineet.pruthi@t-systems.com>
Co-authored-by: Lu, Huayi <luhuayi@huawei.com>
Co-committed-by: Lu, Huayi <luhuayi@huawei.com>
2024-05-16 07:24:04 +00:00

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<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285"></a>
<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a Foreign Table</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p12167448953">After performing steps in <a href="dws_04_0244.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a>, create an OBS foreign table in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database to access the data stored in OBS. An OBS foreign table is read-only. It can only be queried using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b09550361120">SELECT</strong>.</p>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_section1736065499"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Foreign Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p33659853185314">The syntax for creating a foreign table is as follows. For details, see the syntax <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b201331258175019">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS)</strong>.</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_screen34509377483"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' value '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTOMAPPED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p174842037174819">For example, when creating a foreign table named <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_i13661938123413">product_info_ext_obs</em>, set parameters in the syntax as follows:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul645584873919"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li0456164816391"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b19458104873912">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p14459164811399">Specifies the name of the foreign table to be created.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li25911413571"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b11409125618454">Table column definitions</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul496273711582"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li1446294810396"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b846619483394">column_name</strong>: specifies the name of a column in the foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li2471194833916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b447510488398">type_name</strong>: specifies the data type of the column.</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p64441413214">Multiple columns are separate by commas (,).</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p54787484399">The number of fields and field types in the foreign table must be the same as those in the data stored on OBS.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li4488164811399"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b1449034813915">SERVER dfs_server</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p114921548203913">This parameter specifies the foreign server name of the foreign table. This server must exist. The foreign server connects to OBS to read data by setting its foreign server.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p1192123102315">Enter the name of the foreign server created by following steps in <a href="dws_04_0244.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a>.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li184991948153914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b450214811394">OPTIONS parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p05031548113911">These are parameters associated with the foreign table. The key parameters are as follows:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul16505124883912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li86062718555"><span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_parmname3444148131714"><b>format</b></span>: indicates the file format on OBS. The ORC and CARBONDATA formats are supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_li119287151142"><span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_parmname1993511549566"><b>foldername</b></span>: This parameter is mandatory. It indicates the OBS path of the data source file. You only need to enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b179525211511">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__i19116275117">Bucket name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b9577133215110">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__i1587719411513">Folder directory level</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b96154519118">/</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_p1494171719420">You can perform <a href="dws_04_0243.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001188482188__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li12771154711">2</a> in <a href="dws_04_0243.html">Preparing Data on OBS</a> to obtain the complete OBS path of the data source file. The path is the endpoint of the OBS service.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li13735273550"><span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_parmname07715271557"><b>totalrows</b></span>: This parameter is optional. It does not indicate the total rows of the imported data. Because OBS may store many files, it is slow to analyze data. This parameter allows you to set an estimated value so that the optimizer can estimate the table size according to the value. Generally, query efficiency is relatively high when the estimated value is almost the same as the actual value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li55231748173915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b18355185593917">encoding</strong>: encoding of data source files in foreign tables. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b735645593910">utf8</strong>. This parameter is mandatory for OBS foreign tables.</li></ul>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li543416731613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b3930929603">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong>:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p103341415181816">This clause is mandatory. Currently, OBS foreign tables support only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b1533431511811">ROUNDROBIN</strong> distribution mode.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p123141594167">It indicates that when a foreign table reads data from the data source, each node in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_ph18240141332815">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster randomly reads some data and integrates the random data to a complete data set.</p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li18119205351513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b101191753151519">Other parameters in the syntax</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p2011985361516">Other parameters are optional and can be configured as required. In this example, they do not need to be configured.</p>
</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p5898193171031">Based on the preceding settings, the command for creating the foreign table is as follows:</p>
<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__p956577151118">Create an OBS foreign table that does not contain partition columns. The foreign server associated with the table is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b122542032163113">obs_server</strong>, the file format on OBS corresponding to the table is ORC, and the data storage path on OBS is<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b725413213313">/mybucket/data/</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_screen17865118123918"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span>
<span class="p">(</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">foldername</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/mybucket/demo.db/product_info_orc/'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">totalrows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10'</span>
<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__p728535913129">Create an OBS foreign table that contains partition columns. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b5402114218312">product_info_ext_obs</strong> foreign table uses the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b15408114215314">product_manufacturer</strong> column as the partition key. The following partition directories exist in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__b1540915427319">obs/mybucket/demo.db/product_info_orc/</strong>:</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__p528595914122">Partition directory 1: product_manufacturer=10001</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__p1928565911211">Partition directory 2: product_manufacturer=10010</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__p10285259101216">Partition directory 3: product_manufacturer=10086</p>
<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__p152854594124">...<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001233883285__screen16950235151210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span>
<span class="p">(</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_manufacturer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span>
<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">foldername</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/mybucket/demo.db/product_info_orc/'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">totalrows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10'</span>
<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span>
<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">product_manufacturer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTOMAPPED</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="familylinks">
<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC or CarbonData Data from OBS</a></div>
</div>
</div>
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