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Su, Xiaomeng 04d4597cf3 dli_sqlreference_0511_version 
Reviewed-by: Pruthi, Vineet <vineet.pruthi@t-systems.com>
Co-authored-by: Su, Xiaomeng <suxiaomeng1@huawei.com>
Co-committed-by: Su, Xiaomeng <suxiaomeng1@huawei.com>
2023-11-02 14:34:08 +00:00

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<a name="dli_08_0419"></a><a name="dli_08_0419"></a>
<h1 class="topictitle1">Window</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_section2024062844120"><h4 class="sectiontitle">GROUP WINDOW</h4><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p1186294611411"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_b14706440425">Description</strong></p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p126162818190">Group Window is defined in GROUP BY. One record is generated from each group. Group Window involves the following functions:</p>
<ul id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_ul961719818191"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_li2617789199">Array functions
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_table1961711815196" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Array functions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row206171584195"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.65%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.1.2.3.1.1"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p661748111910">Grouping Window Function</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.35000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.1.2.3.1.2"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p6617882198">Description</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row16617128121918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p186171687190">TUMBLE(time_attr, interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.35000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p86177841919">Defines a tumbling time window. A tumbling time window assigns rows to non-overlapping, continuous windows with a fixed duration (interval). For example, a tumbling window of 5 minutes groups rows in 5 minutes intervals. Tumbling windows can be defined on event-time (stream + batch) or processing-time (stream).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row76171383199"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p112992419384">HOP(time_attr, interval, interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.35000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p36186841911">Defines a hopping time window (called sliding window in the Table API). A hopping time window has a fixed duration (second interval parameter) and hops by a specified hop interval (first interval parameter). If the hop interval is smaller than the window size, hopping windows are overlapping. Thus, rows can be assigned to multiple windows. For example, a hopping window of 15 minutes size and 5 minute hop interval assigns each row to 3 different windows of 15 minute size, which are evaluated in an interval of 5 minutes. Hopping windows can be defined on event-time (stream + batch) or processing-time (stream).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row2618283199"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p3623841153819">SESSION(time_attr, interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.35000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1870134933811">Defines a session time window. Session time windows do not have a fixed duration but their bounds are defined by a time interval of inactivity, that is, a session window is closed if no event appears for a defined gap period. For example a session window with a 30 minute gap starts when a row is observed after 30 minutes inactivity (otherwise the row would be added to an existing window) and is closed if no row is added within 30 minutes. Session windows can work on event-time (stream + batch) or processing-time (stream).</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p35071728133916">Notes:</p>
<div class="caution" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_note15629421184719"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p2069482264713">In streaming mode, the <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b7984620113010">time_attr </strong>argument of the group window function must refer to a valid time attribute that specifies the processing time or event time of rows.</p>
<ul id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_ul20694112294719"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li469492244715"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b175911774318">event-time</strong>: The type is timestamp(3).</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li11694622164720"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b19239152415304">processing-time</strong>: No need to specify the type.</li></ul>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1694182213473">In batch mode, the <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b5234152613306">time_attr</strong> argument of the group window function must be an attribute of type timestamp.</p>
</div></div>
</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_li4618108171916">Window auxiliary functions<div class="p" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p791514143915"><a name="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_li4618108171916"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_li4618108171916"></a>The start and end timestamps of group windows as well as time attributes can be selected with the following auxiliary functions.
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_table13251145394" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Window auxiliary functions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row1824147392"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.910000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.1"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p9241645399">Auxiliary Function</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.09%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.2"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1524164133919">Description</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row1248415395"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.910000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p17436192410403">TUMBLE_START(time_attr, interval)</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p125215263405">HOP_START(time_attr, interval, interval)</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p8471108204010">SESSION_START(time_attr, interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p18871193311400">Returns the timestamp of the inclusive lower bound of the corresponding tumbling, hopping, or session window.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row1325134143918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.910000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p134921426408">TUMBLE_END(time_attr, interval)</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1021224418405">HOP_END(time_attr, interval, interval)</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p3862203917401">SESSION_END(time_attr, interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p101561158124012">Returns the timestamp of the <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b592617912104735">exclusive</strong> upper bound of the corresponding tumbling, hopping, or session window.</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p111561758144018">Note: The exclusive upper bound timestamp <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b2122856223104735">cannot</strong> be used as a rowtime attribute in subsequent time-based operations, such as interval joins and group window or over window aggregations.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row1325144203918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.910000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p177611856114114">TUMBLE_ROWTIME(time_attr, interval)</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p127065854118">HOP_ROWTIME(time_attr, interval, interval)</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p516095474113">SESSION_ROWTIME(time_attr, interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p490311334210">Returns the timestamp of the inclusive upper bound of the corresponding tumbling, hopping, or session window. The resulting attribute is a rowtime attribute that can be used in subsequent time-based operations such as interval joins and group window or over window aggregations.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row725114163913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.910000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p9278162644310">TUMBLE_PROCTIME(time_attr, interval)</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p16714289439">HOP_PROCTIME(time_attr, interval, interval)</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1356612249432">SESSION_PROCTIME(time_attr, interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.1.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p10522143494317">Returns a proctime attribute that can be used in subsequent time-based operations such as interval joins and group window or over window aggregations.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p135681423134416">Note: Auxiliary functions must be called with exactly same arguments as the group window function in the GROUP BY clause.</p>
</li></ul>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p168321646204115"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_b62041710154212">Example</strong></p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_screen83051324121513"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="normal">26</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Calculate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">every</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">day</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TUMBLE_START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DAY</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wStart</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Orders</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DAY</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Calculate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">every</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">day</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">processing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Orders</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DAY</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Calculate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">over</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recent</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">every</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hour</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Orders</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HOP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DAY</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Calculate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">session</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">an</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inactive</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">every</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SESSION_START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'12'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sStart</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SESSION_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'12'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sEnd</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Orders</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'12'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_section832895264620"><h4 class="sectiontitle">TUMBLE WINDOW Extension</h4><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p123264341471"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b332710342476">Function</strong></p>
<div class="p" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p4461696564">The extension functions of the DLI tumbling window are as follows:<ul id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_ul27851443261"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li1151443171">A tumbling window is triggered periodically to reduce latency.<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p154421951772"><a name="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li1151443171"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li1151443171"></a>Before the tumbling window ends, the window can be periodically triggered based on the configured frequency. The compute result from the start to the current time is output, which does not affect the final output. The latest result can be viewed in each period before the window ends.</p>
</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li16398641388">Data accuracy is improved.<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p32641661185"><a name="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li16398641388"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li16398641388"></a>You can set a latency for the end of the window. The output of the window is updated according to the configured latency each time a piece of late data reaches.</p>
</li></ul>
</div>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p13641167105615"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b122661513135610">Precautions</strong></p>
<ul id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_ul71811492515"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li161813497519">If you use the INSERT statement to write results to a sink, it must support the upsert mode. Ensure that the result table supports upsert operations and the primary key is defined.</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li51061478613">Latency settings only take effect for event time and not for proctime.</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li8265352151610">Auxiliary functions must be called with the same parameters as the grouping window functions in the GROUP BY clause.</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li19171121514810">If event time is used, watermark must be used. The code is as follows (<strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b208507536365">order_time</strong> is identified as the event time column and watermark is set to 3 seconds):<pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen14601853151011">CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id string,
order_channel string,
order_time timestamp(3),
pay_amount double,
real_pay double,
pay_time string,
user_id string,
user_name string,
area_id string,
watermark for order_time as order_time - INTERVAL '3' SECOND
) WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = '&lt;yourTopic&gt;',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = '&lt;yourKafka&gt;:&lt;port&gt;',
'properties.group.id' = '&lt;yourGroupId&gt;',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'latest-offset',
'format' = 'json'
);</pre>
</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li19369133417819">If the proctime is used, you need to use the computed column. The code is as follows (<strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b1277452473810">proc</strong> is the processing time column):<pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen31539501914">CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id string,
order_channel string,
order_time timestamp(3),
pay_amount double,
real_pay double,
pay_time string,
user_id string,
user_name string,
area_id string,
proc as proctime()
) WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = '&lt;yourTopic&gt;',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = '&lt;yourKafka&gt;:&lt;port&gt;',
'properties.group.id' = '&lt;yourGroupId&gt;',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'latest-offset',
'format' = 'json'
);</pre>
</li></ul>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p19951233115110"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b5951193316515">Syntax</strong></p>
<pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen149631240105115">TUMBLE(time_attr, window_interval, period_interval, lateness_interval)</pre>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1653163110331"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b19975153943820">Example</strong></p>
<div class="p" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1719397163417">The current time attribute column is <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b23227384016">testtime</strong>, the window interval is 10 seconds, and the latency is 10 seconds.<pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen1337775510331">TUMBLE(testtime, INTERVAL '10' SECOND, INTERVAL '10' SECOND, INTERVAL '10' SECOND)</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p2087929165315"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b148791995317">Description</strong></p>
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_table1219171175413" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>Parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row11196135418"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1219919546">Parameter</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.470000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p3191213542">Description</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1876075072320">Format</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row4192135415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p887029191214">time_attr</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.470000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p08717991210">Event time or processing time attribute column</p>
<ul id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_ul19127869350"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li10718123512"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b2099343311310">event-time</strong>: The type is timestamp(3).</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li57121123515"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b17841163683111">processing-time</strong>: No need to specify the type.</li></ul>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p177601750172317">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row111914110541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p187118912127">window_interval</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.470000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p1987115916121">Duration of the window</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="38.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_ul415372752611"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li12153172716261">Format 1: <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b133105914019">INTERVAL </strong>'10'<strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b1134105924011"> SECOND</strong><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p855112262816">The window interval is 10 seconds. You can change the value as needed.</p>
</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li121314312269">Format 2: <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b66753416412">INTERVAL </strong>'10'<strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b136812404111"> MINUTE</strong><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p20865114982814">The window interval is 10 minutes. You can change the value as needed.</p>
</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li199005862614">Format 3: <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b1327601064115">INTERVAL </strong>'10'<strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b3276171011411"> DAY</strong><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p155341332172910">The window interval is 10 days. You can change the value as needed.</p>
</li></ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row14196155411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p28711996128">period_interval</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p1687239161212">Frequency of periodic triggering within the window range. That is, before the window ends, the output result is updated at an interval specified by <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b8898181613417">period_interval</strong> from the time when the window starts. If this parameter is not set, the periodic triggering policy is not used by default.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row51981195411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p7528104214130">lateness_interval</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p352919422134">Time to postpone the end of the window. The system continues to collect the data that reaches the window within <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b8238182244114">lateness_interval</strong> after the window ends. The output is updated for each data that reaches the window within <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b1624312219413">lateness_interval</strong>.</p>
<div class="note" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_note15911124081416"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_p9882204818144">If the time window is for processing time, <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b470248554104735">lateness_interval</strong> does not take effect.</p>
</div></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="note" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_note997019280168"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><div class="p" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p14667000409">Values of <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b1236091033104735">period_interval</strong> and <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b372381259104735">lateness_interval</strong> cannot be negative numbers.<ul id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_ul634295183211"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li195967544324">If <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b564445096104735">period_interval</strong> is set to <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b1741049073104735">0</strong>, periodic triggering is disabled for the window.</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li19231135953216">If <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b220592792104735">lateness_interval</strong> is set to <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b1893869918104735">0</strong>, the latency after the window ends is disabled.</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li1538714353318">If neither of the two parameters is set, both periodic triggering and latency are disabled and only the regular tumbling window functions are available .</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_en-us_topic_0000001085017457_li4720114919326">If only the latency function needs to be used, set period_interval <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b335855334104735">INTERVAL '0' SECOND</strong>.</li></ul>
</div>
</div></div>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p7569202015135"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b61691286136">Auxiliary Functions</strong></p>
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_table557732731516" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>Auxiliary function</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row135777270156"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.43%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p1577127161514">Auxiliary Function</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.57%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p13577427121519">Description</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row4577112719155"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.43%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p13577132711152">TUMBLE_START(time_attr, window_interval, period_interval, lateness_interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.57%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p165775272155">Returns the timestamp of the inclusive lower bound of the corresponding tumbling window.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_row1157782781517"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.43%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p3577527121516">TUMBLE_END(time_attr, window_interval, period_interval, lateness_interval)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.57%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p10577827161512">Returns the timestamp of the exclusive upper bound of the corresponding tumbling window.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p19219931181713"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b192191031131717">Example</strong></p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_p175787611205">1. The Kafka is used as the data source table containing the order information, and the JDBC is used as the data result table for statistics on the number of orders settled by a user within 30 seconds. The order ID and window opening time are used as primary keys to collect result statistics in real time to JDBC.</p>
<ol id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_ol376111915193"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li14719152133618"><span>Create a datasource connection for the communication with the VPC and subnet where MySQL and Kafka locate and bind the connection to the queue. Set an inbound rule for the security group to allow access of the queue, and test the connectivity of the queue using the MySQL and Kafka addresses. If the connection is successful, the datasource is bound to the queue. Otherwise, the binding fails.</span></li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li10327757122216"><span>Run the following statement to create the <strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_b396102961518">order_count</strong> table in the MySQL Flink database:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen18682319231">CREATE TABLE `flink`.`order_count` (
`user_id` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
`window_start` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
`window_end` TIMESTAMP NULL,
`total_num` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`, `window_start`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci;</pre>
</p></li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li1276191913199"><span>Create a Flink OpenSource SQL job and submit the job. In this example, the window size is 30 seconds, the triggering period is 10 seconds, and the latency is 5 seconds. That is, if the result is updated before the window ends, the intermediate result will be output every 10 seconds. After the watermark is reached and the window ends, the data whose event time is within 5 seconds of the watermark will still be processed and counted in the current window. If the event time exceeds 5 seconds of the watermark, the data will be discarded.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen4850164110211">CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id string,
order_channel string,
order_time timestamp(3),
pay_amount double,
real_pay double,
pay_time string,
user_id string,
user_name string,
area_id string,
watermark for order_time as order_time - INTERVAL '3' SECOND
) WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = '&lt;yourTopic&gt;',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = '&lt;yourKafka&gt;:&lt;port&gt;',
'properties.group.id' = '&lt;yourGroupId&gt;',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'latest-offset',
'format' = 'json'
);
CREATE TABLE jdbcSink (
user_id string,
window_start timestamp(3),
window_end timestamp(3),
total_num BIGINT,
primary key (user_id, window_start) not enforced
) WITH (
'connector' = 'jdbc',
'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://&lt;yourMySQL&gt;:3306/flink',
'table-name' = 'order_count',
'username' = '&lt;yourUserName&gt;',
'password' = '&lt;yourPassword&gt;',
'sink.buffer-flush.max-rows' = '1'
);
insert into jdbcSink select
order_id,
TUMBLE_START(order_time, INTERVAL '30' SECOND, INTERVAL '10' SECOND, INTERVAL '5' SECOND),
TUMBLE_END(order_time, INTERVAL '30' SECOND, INTERVAL '10' SECOND, INTERVAL '5' SECOND),
COUNT(*) from orders
GROUP BY user_id, TUMBLE(order_time, INTERVAL '30' SECOND, INTERVAL '10' SECOND, INTERVAL '5' SECOND);</pre>
</p></li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li966617234195"><span>Insert data to Kafka. Assume that orders are settled at different time and the order data at 10:00:13 arrives late.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen3634737173911">{"order_id":"202103241000000001", "order_channel":"webShop", "order_time":"2021-03-24 10:00:00", "pay_amount":"100.00", "real_pay":"100.00", "pay_time":"2021-03-24 10:02:03", "user_id":"0001", "user_name":"Alice", "area_id":"330106"}
{"order_id":"202103241000000002", "order_channel":"webShop", "order_time":"2021-03-24 10:00:20", "pay_amount":"100.00", "real_pay":"100.00", "pay_time":"2021-03-24 10:02:03", "user_id":"0001", "user_name":"Alice", "area_id":"330106"}
{"order_id":"202103241000000003", "order_channel":"webShop", "order_time":"2021-03-24 10:00:33", "pay_amount":"100.00", "real_pay":"100.00", "pay_time":"2021-03-24 10:02:03", "user_id":"0001", "user_name":"Alice", "area_id":"330106"}
{"order_id":"202103241000000004", "order_channel":"webShop", "order_time":"2021-03-24 10:00:13", "pay_amount":"100.00", "real_pay":"100.00", "pay_time":"2021-03-24 10:02:03", "user_id":"0001", "user_name":"Alice", "area_id":"330106"}</pre>
</p></li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_li155281242190"><span>Run the following statement in the MySQL database to view the output result. The final result is displayed as follows because the periodic output result cannot be collected:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen11452191817395">select * from order_count</pre>
<pre class="screen" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_screen136431534204915">user_id window_start window_end total_num
0001 2021-03-24 10:00:00 2021-03-24 10:00:30 3
0001 2021-03-24 10:00:30 2021-03-24 10:01:00 1</pre>
</p></li></ol>
<div class="section" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_section6484122074210"><h4 class="sectiontitle">OVER WINDOW</h4><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_en-us_topic_0061366422_p8060118">The difference between Over Window and Group Window is that one record is generated from one row in Over Window.</p>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p19991195813421"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_b156825144318">Syntax</strong></p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_screen19309191263420"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
<span class="normal"> 2</span>
<span class="normal"> 3</span>
<span class="normal"> 4</span>
<span class="normal"> 5</span>
<span class="normal"> 6</span>
<span class="normal"> 7</span>
<span class="normal"> 8</span>
<span class="normal"> 9</span>
<span class="normal">10</span>
<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">agg1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attr1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNBOUNDED</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">rowCOUNT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRECEDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLENAME</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">agg1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attr1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNBOUNDED</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">timeInterval</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRECEDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLENAME</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p095985844216"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_b840014974314">Description</strong></p>
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_table146491341826" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>Parameter description</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row564911410212"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.34%" id="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.1"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p1264914413220">Parameter</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81.66%" id="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.2"><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p864954110212">Description</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row264915415212"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.34%" headers="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p20819164316217">PARTITION BY</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81.66%" headers="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p3649144110210">Indicates the primary key of the specified group. Each group separately performs calculation.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row20649184116220"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.34%" headers="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p6649124114212">ORDER BY</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81.66%" headers="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p1964974118212">Indicates the processing time or event time as the timestamp for data.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row66494411127"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.34%" headers="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p66498411628">ROWS</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81.66%" headers="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p13649134111217">Indicates the count window.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_row126497416217"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.34%" headers="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p265024112218">RANGE</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81.66%" headers="mcps1.3.11.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p465019411025">Indicates the time window.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p149281358174219"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_b6799512114313">Precautions</strong></p>
<ul id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_ul3326204911412"><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_li332554915412">All aggregates must be defined in the same window, that is, in the same partition, sort, and range.</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_li13261491242">Currently, only windows from PRECEDING (unbounded or bounded) to CURRENT ROW are supported. The range described by FOLLOWING is not supported.</li><li id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_li19326174912416">ORDER BY must be specified for a single time attribute.</li></ul>
<p id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_p1490312583421"><strong id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_b017351724315">Example</strong></p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="dli_08_0419__en-us_topic_0000001262815698_dli_08_0218_screen42401715953"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
<span class="normal"> 2</span>
<span class="normal"> 3</span>
<span class="normal"> 4</span>
<span class="normal"> 5</span>
<span class="normal"> 6</span>
<span class="normal"> 7</span>
<span class="normal"> 8</span>
<span class="normal"> 9</span>
<span class="normal">10</span>
<span class="normal">11</span>
<span class="normal">12</span>
<span class="normal">13</span>
<span class="normal">14</span>
<span class="normal">15</span>
<span class="normal">16</span>
<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Calculate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">syntax</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rules</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enabled</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">now</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNBOUNDED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">preceding</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNBOUNDED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">preceding</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt2</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Orders</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Calculate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recent</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">four</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">records</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRECEDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proctime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRECEDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt2</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Orders</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Calculate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">eventtime</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Process</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">events</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">based</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">event</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">which</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">timeattr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">field</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Orders</span><span class="p">.</span>
<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">timeattr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'60'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECOND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRECEDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">timeattr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'60'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECOND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRECEDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt2</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Orders</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
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<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dli_08_0416.html">DML Snytax</a></div>
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