Function

CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY creates a full-text retrieval dictionary. A dictionary is used to identify and process particular words during full-text retrieval.

Dictionaries are created by using predefined templates (defined in the PG_TS_TEMPLATE system catalog). Five types of dictionaries can be created, Simple, Ispell, Synonym, Thesaurus, and Snowball. Each type of dictionaries is used to handle different tasks.

Precautions

A user with the SYSADMIN permission can create a dictionary. Then, the user automatically becomes the owner of the dictionary.
A dictionary cannot be created in pg_temp mode.
After a dictionary is created or modified, any modification to the user-defined dictionary definition file will not affect the dictionary in the database. To make such modifications take effect in the dictionary in the database, run the ALTER statement to update the definition file of the dictionary.

Syntax

CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
    TEMPLATE = template
    [, option = value [, ... ]]
);

Parameter Description

name
Specifies the name of a dictionary to be created. (If you do not specify a schema name, the dictionary will be created in the current schema.)

Value range: a string, which complies with the identifier naming convention. A value can contain a maximum of 63 characters.
template
Specifies a template name.

Valid value: templates (Simple, Synonym, Thesaurus, Ispell, and Snowball) defined in the PG_TS_TEMPLATE system catalog
option
Specifies a parameter name. Each type of dictionaries has a template containing their custom parameters. Parameters function in a way irrelevant to their setting sequence.
- Parameters for a Simple dictionary
  - STOPWORDS
    Specifies the name of a file listing stop words. The default file name extension is .stop. For example, if the value of STOPWORDS is french, the actual file name is french.stop. In the file, each line defines a stop word. Dictionaries will ignore blank lines and spaces in the file and convert stop-word phrases into lowercase.
  - ACCEPT
    Specifies whether to accept a non-stop word as recognized. The default value is true.
    
    If ACCEPT=true is set for a Simple dictionary, no token will be passed to subsequent dictionaries. In this case, you are advised to place the Simple dictionary at the end of the dictionary list. If ACCEPT=false is set, you are advised to place the Simple dictionary before at least one dictionary in the list.
  - FILEPATH
    Specifies the directory for storing the stop word file. The stop word file can be stored locally or on the OBS server. If the file is stored locally, the directory format is 'file://absolute_path'. If the file is stored on the OBS server, the directory format is 'obs://bucket/path accesskey=ak secretkey=sk region=region_name'. The directory must be enclosed in single quotation marks ('). The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. Both the FILEPATH and STOPWORDS parameters need to be specified.
    
    To create a dictionary using the stop word file on the OBS server, perform the following steps:
    1. Upload the stop word file to the OBS server. For example, upload the french.stop file to the gaussdb bucket on the OBS server obsv3.sa-fb-1.externaldemo.com. The URL is https://gaussdb.obsv3.sa-fb-1.externaldemo.com/french.stop. For details about how to upload the file and query the URL, see the OBS User Manual.
    2. Add "region_name": "obs domain" to the $GAUSSHOME/etc/region_map file. region_name can be a string consisting of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, slashes (/), or underscores (_). obs domain indicates the domain name of the OBS server.
      For example, if region_name is set to rg, region_map is as follows: "rg": "obsv3.sa-fb-1.externaldemo.com".
      
      region_name and obs domain are enclosed in double quotation marks. There is no space on the left of the colon and one space on the right of the colon.
    3. Run the CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY command to create a dictionary. The command is as follows:
    1
    CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY french_dict ( TEMPLATE = pg_catalog.simple, STOPWORDS = french, FILEPATH = 'obs://gaussdb accesskey=xxx secretkey=yyy region=rg' );
    The french.stop file is stored in the root directory of the gaussdb bucket. Therefore, the path is empty.
- Parameters for a Synonym dictionary
  - SYNONYM
    Specifies the name of the definition file for a Synonym dictionary. The default file name extension is .syn.
    
    The file is a list of synonyms. Each line is in the format of token synonym, that is, token and its synonym separated by a space.
  - CASESENSITIVE
    Specifies whether tokens and their synonyms are case sensitive. The default value is false, indicating that tokens and synonyms in dictionary files will be converted into lowercase. If this parameter is set to true, they will not be converted into lowercase.
  - FILEPATH
    Specifies the directory for storing Synonym dictionary files. The directory can be a local directory or an OBS directory. The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. The directory format and the process of creating a Synonym dictionary using a file on the OBS server are the same as those of the FILEPATH of the Simple dictionary.
- Parameters for a Thesaurus dictionary
  - DICTFILE
    Specifies the name of a dictionary definition file. The default file name extension is .ths.
    
    The file is a list of synonyms. Each line is in the format of sample words : indexed words. The colon (:) is used as a separator between a phrase and its substitute word. If multiple sample words are matched, the TZ selects the longest one.
  - DICTIONARY
    Specifies the name of a subdictionary used for word normalization. This parameter is mandatory and only one subdictionary name can be specified. The specified subdictionary must exist. It is used to identify and normalize input text before phrase matching.
    
    If an input word cannot be recognized by the subdictionary, an error will be reported. In this case, remove the word or update the subdictionary to make the word recognizable. In addition, an asterisk (*) can be placed at the beginning of an indexed word to skip the application of a subdictionary on it, but all sample words must be recognizable by the subdictionary.
    If the sample words defined in the dictionary file contain stop words defined in the subdictionary, use question marks (?) to replace them. Assume that a and the are stop words defined in the subdictionary.
```
? one ? two : swsw
```
    a one the two and the one a two will be matched and output as swsw.
  - FILEPATH
    Specifies the directory for storing dictionary definition files. The directory can be a local directory or an OBS directory. The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. The directory format and the process of creating a Synonym dictionary using a file on the OBS server are the same as those of the FILEPATH of the Simple dictionary.
- Parameters for an Ispell dictionary
  - DICTFILE
    Specifies the name of a dictionary definition file. The default file name extension is .dict.
  - AFFFILE
    Specifies the name of an affix file. The default file name extension is .affix.
  - STOPWORDS
    Specifies the name of a file listing stop words. The default file name extension is .stop. The file content format is the same as that of the file for a Simple dictionary.
  - FILEPATH
    Specifies the directory for storing dictionary files. The directory can be a local directory or an OBS directory. The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. The directory format and the process of creating a Synonym dictionary using a file on the OBS server are the same as those of the FILEPATH of the Simple dictionary.
- Parameters for a Snowball dictionary
  - LANGUAGE
    Specifies the name of a language whose stemming algorithm will be used. According to spelling rules in the language, the algorithm normalizes the variants of an input word into a basic word or a stem.
  - STOPWORDS
    Specifies the name of a file listing stop words. The default file name extension is .stop. The file content format is the same as that of the file for a Simple dictionary.
  - FILEPATH
    Specifies the directory for storing dictionary definition files. The directory can be a local directory or an OBS directory. The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. Both the FILEPATH and STOPWORDS parameters need to be specified. The directory format and the process of creating a Snowball dictionary using a file on the OBS server are the same as those of the Simple dictionary.
- The predefined dictionary file is stored in the $GAUSSHOME/share/postgresql/tsearch_data directory.
- The name of a dictionary definition file can contain only lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores (_).
value
Specifies a parameter value. If the value is not an identifier or a number, enclose it with single quotation marks (''). You can also enclose identifiers and numbers.

Examples

Create an Ispell dictionary english_ispell (the dictionary definition file is from the open source dictionary):

Hard-coded or plaintext AK and SK are risky. For security purposes, encrypt your AK and SK and store them in the configuration file or environment variables.

DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY IF EXISTS english_ispell;
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY english_ispell (
    TEMPLATE = ispell,
    DictFile = english,
    AffFile = english,
    StopWords = english,
    FilePath = 'obs://bucket_name/path accesskey=ak secretkey=sk region=rg' 
);

Create an Snowball dictionary english_snowball (the dictionary definition file is from the open source dictionary):

Hard-coded or plaintext AK and SK are risky. For security purposes, encrypt your AK and SK and store them in the configuration file or environment variables.

DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY IF EXISTS english_snowball;
CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY english_snowball (
    TEMPLATE = snowball,
    Language = english,
    StopWords = english,
    FilePath = 'obs://bucket_name/path accesskey=ak secretkey=sk region=rg'  
);

Helpful Links

ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY