This section describes how to compile model inference code in ModelArts. The following also provides an example of inference code for the TensorFlow engine and an example of customizing inference logic in an inference script.

Specifications for Compiling Inference Code

All custom Python code must be inherited from the BaseService class. Table 1 lists the import statements of different types of model parent classes.

**Table 1** Import statements of the **BaseService** class
Model Type	Parent Class	Import Statement
TensorFlow	TfServingBaseService	from model_service.tfserving_model_service import TfServingBaseService
MXNet	MXNetBaseService	from mms.model_service.mxnet_model_service import MXNetBaseService
PyTorch	PTServingBaseService	from model_service.pytorch_model_service import PTServingBaseService
Pyspark	SparkServingBaseService	from model_service.spark_model_service import SparkServingBaseService
Caffe	CaffeBaseService	from model_service.caffe_model_service import CaffeBaseService
XGBoost	XgSklServingBaseService	from model_service.python_model_service import XgSklServingBaseService
Scikit_Learn	XgSklServingBaseService	from model_service.python_model_service import XgSklServingBaseService

The following methods can be rewritten:

**Table 2** Methods to be rewritten
Method	Description
__init__(self, model_name, model_path)	Initialization method, which is suitable for models created based on deep learning frameworks. Models and labels are loaded using this method. This method must be rewritten for models based on PyTorch and Caffe to implement the model loading logic.
__init__(self, model_path)	Initialization method, which is suitable for models created based on machine learning frameworks. The model path (self.model_path) is initialized using this method. In Spark_MLlib, this method also initializes SparkSession (self.spark).
_preprocess(self, data)	Preprocess method, which is called before an inference request and is used to convert the original request data of an API into the expected input data of a model
_inference(self, data)	Inference request method. You are not advised to rewrite the method because once the method is rewritten, the built-in inference process of ModelArts will be overwritten and the custom inference logic will run.
_postprocess(self, data)	Postprocess method, which is called after an inference request is complete and is used to convert the model output to the API output

You can choose to rewrite the preprocess and postprocess methods to implement preprocessing of the API input and postprocessing of the inference output.
Rewriting the init method of the BaseService inheritance class may cause a model to run abnormally.

The attribute that can be used is the local path where the model resides. The attribute name is self.model_path. In addition, PySpark-based models can use self.spark to obtain the SparkSession object in customize_service.py.
An absolute path is required for reading files in the inference code. You can obtain the absolute path of the model from the self.model_path attribute.
- When TensorFlow, Caffe, or MXNet is used, self.model_path indicates the path of the model file. See the following example:
```
# Store the label.json file in the model directory. The following information is read:
with open(os.path.join(self.model_path, 'label.json')) as f:
    self.label = json.load(f)
```
- When PyTorch, Scikit_Learn, or PySpark is used, self.model_path indicates the path of the model file. See the following example:
```
# Store the label.json file in the model directory. The following information is read:
dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(self.model_path))
with open(os.path.join(dir_path, 'label.json')) as f:
    self.label = json.load(f)
```

Two types of content-type APIs can be used for inputting data: multipart/form-data and application/json

multipart/form-data request

curl -X POST \
  <modelarts-inference-endpoint> \
  -F image1=@cat.jpg \
  -F images2=@horse.jpg

The corresponding input data is as follows:

[
   {
      "image1":{
         "cat.jpg":"<cat..jpg file io>"
      }
   },
   {
      "image2":{
         "horse.jpg":"<horse.jpg file io>"
      }
   }
]

application/json request

 curl -X POST \
   <modelarts-inference-endpoint> \
   -d '{
    "images":"base64 encode image"
    }'

The corresponding input data is python dict.

{
    "images":"base64 encode image"

 }

TensorFlow Inference Script Example

The following is an example of TensorFlow MnistService.

Inference code

from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
from model_service.tfserving_model_service import TfServingBaseService

class mnist_service(TfServingBaseService):

    def _preprocess(self, data):
        preprocessed_data = {}

        for k, v in data.items():
            for file_name, file_content in v.items():
                image1 = Image.open(file_content)
                image1 = np.array(image1, dtype=np.float32)
                image1.resize((1, 784))
                preprocessed_data[k] = image1

        return preprocessed_data

    def _postprocess(self, data):

        infer_output = {}

        for output_name, result in data.items():

            infer_output["mnist_result"] = result[0].index(max(result[0]))

        return infer_output

Request

curl -X POST \ Real-time service address \ -F images=@test.jpg

Response
```
{"mnist_result": 7}
```

The preceding code example resizes images imported to the user's form to adapt to the model input shape. The 32×32 image is read from the Pillow library and resized to 1×784 to match the model input. In subsequent processing, convert the model output into a list for the RESTful API to display.

XGBoost Inference Script Example

# coding:utf-8
import collections
import json
import xgboost as xgb
from model_service.python_model_service import XgSklServingBaseService


class user_Service(XgSklServingBaseService):

    # request data preprocess
    def _preprocess(self, data):
        list_data = []
        json_data = json.loads(data, object_pairs_hook=collections.OrderedDict)
        for element in json_data["data"]["req_data"]:
            array = []
            for each in element:
                array.append(element[each])
                list_data.append(array)
        return list_data

    #   predict
    def _inference(self, data):
        xg_model = xgb.Booster(model_file=self.model_path)
        pre_data = xgb.DMatrix(data)
        pre_result = xg_model.predict(pre_data)
        pre_result = pre_result.tolist()
        return pre_result

    # predict result process
    def _postprocess(self, data):
        resp_data = []
        for element in data:
            resp_data.append({"predict_result": element})
        return resp_data

Inference Script Example of the Custom Inference Logic

First, define a dependency package in the configuration file. For details, see Example of a Model Configuration File Using a Custom Dependency Package. Then, use the following code example to implement the loading and inference of the model in saved_model format.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import os
import threading

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from PIL import Image

from model_service.tfserving_model_service import TfServingBaseService
import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class MnistService(TfServingBaseService):

    def __init__(self, model_name, model_path):
        self.model_name = model_name
        self.model_path = model_path
        self.model_inputs = {}
        self.model_outputs = {}

       # The label file can be loaded here and used in the post-processing function.
        # Directories for storing the label.txt file on OBS and in the model package

        # with open(os.path.join(self.model_path, 'label.txt')) as f:
        #     self.label = json.load(f)

        # Load the model in saved_model format in non-blocking mode to prevent blocking timeout.
        thread = threading.Thread(target=self.get_tf_sess)
        thread.start()

    def get_tf_sess(self):
        # Load the model in saved_model format.

       # The session will be reused. Do not use the with statement.
        sess = tf.Session(graph=tf.Graph())
        meta_graph_def = tf.saved_model.loader.load(sess, [tf.saved_model.tag_constants.SERVING], self.model_path)
        signature_defs = meta_graph_def.signature_def

        self.sess = sess

        signature = []

        # only one signature allowed
        for signature_def in signature_defs:
            signature.append(signature_def)
        if len(signature) == 1:
            model_signature = signature[0]
        else:
            logger.warning("signatures more than one, use serving_default signature")
            model_signature = tf.saved_model.signature_constants.DEFAULT_SERVING_SIGNATURE_DEF_KEY

        logger.info("model signature: %s", model_signature)

        for signature_name in meta_graph_def.signature_def[model_signature].inputs:
            tensorinfo = meta_graph_def.signature_def[model_signature].inputs[signature_name]
            name = tensorinfo.name
            op = self.sess.graph.get_tensor_by_name(name)
            self.model_inputs[signature_name] = op

        logger.info("model inputs: %s", self.model_inputs)

        for signature_name in meta_graph_def.signature_def[model_signature].outputs:
            tensorinfo = meta_graph_def.signature_def[model_signature].outputs[signature_name]
            name = tensorinfo.name
            op = self.sess.graph.get_tensor_by_name(name)

            self.model_outputs[signature_name] = op

        logger.info("model outputs: %s", self.model_outputs)

    def _preprocess(self, data):
        # Two request modes using HTTPS
        # 1. The request in form-data file format is as follows: data = {"Request key value":{"File name":<File io>}}
       # 2. Request in JSON format is as follows: data = json.loads("JSON body transferred by the API")
        preprocessed_data = {}

        for k, v in data.items():
            for file_name, file_content in v.items():
                image1 = Image.open(file_content)
                image1 = np.array(image1, dtype=np.float32)
                image1.resize((1, 28, 28))
                preprocessed_data[k] = image1

        return preprocessed_data

    def _inference(self, data):

        feed_dict = {}
        for k, v in data.items():
            if k not in self.model_inputs.keys():
                logger.error("input key %s is not in model inputs %s", k, list(self.model_inputs.keys()))
                raise Exception("input key %s is not in model inputs %s" % (k, list(self.model_inputs.keys())))
            feed_dict[self.model_inputs[k]] = v

        result = self.sess.run(self.model_outputs, feed_dict=feed_dict)
        logger.info('predict result : ' + str(result))

        return result

    def _postprocess(self, data):
        infer_output = {"mnist_result": []}
        for output_name, results in data.items():

            for result in results:
                infer_output["mnist_result"].append(np.argmax(result))

        return infer_output

    def __del__(self):
        self.sess.close()

Specifications for Compiling Model Inference Code

Specifications for Compiling Inference Code

TensorFlow Inference Script Example

XGBoost Inference Script Example

Inference Script Example of the Custom Inference Logic